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      Predatory mite mix against fungus gnats & red bird mites – loose product
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      Predatory mite mix against thrips & spider mites – loose product
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SC nematodes against mole crickets, meadow crane flies and cutworms SC nematodes against mole crickets, meadow crane flies and cutworms
SC nematodes against mole crickets, meadow crane flies and cutworms
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Schädlingslexikon – Green Guardia

Kohlschnaken: Schäden an Kohl erkennen & natürlich eindämmen

„Kohlschnaken“ ist ein Begriff, der im Garten oft für schnakenartige Insekten genutzt wird, deren Larven im Boden an Wurzeln und am Pflanzenhals fressen können. Besonders bei jungen Kohlpflanzen kann das zu Welken, Wachstumsstopp oder Ausfall führen. Hier erfährst du, woran du den Befall erkennst und welche natürlichen Maßnahmen im Gemüsebeet helfen.

ⓘSchnakenartige · Larven im Boden #Kohl welkt plötzlich · Larven am Wurzelhals

Was sind Kohlschnaken?

Im Garten werden „Kohlschnaken“ häufig als Sammelbegriff genutzt, wenn bodenlebende Larven (schnakenähnlicher Insekten) an Kohl und anderen Gemüsepflanzen Schäden verursachen. Die erwachsenen Tiere sind meist unscheinbar und oft nur kurz zu sehen – entscheidend ist das Larvenstadium im Boden.

Larven im Boden Kohl & Jungpflanzen Wurzel-/Halsfraß
Wichtiger Hinweis: Welkende Kohlpflanzen können auch andere Ursachen haben (Kohlfliegenmaden, Drahtwürmer, Erdraupen, Trockenstress). Für eine sichere Einordnung sind Larvenfund, Fraßstelle und Standortbedingungen entscheidend.

So erkennst du den Befall

  • junge Kohlpflanzen welken plötzlich oder kippen um
  • Wachstumsstopp trotz ausreichender Pflege
  • Fraßspuren am Wurzelhals oder an feinen Wurzeln
  • im Boden: graubraune, beinlose Larven (je nach Art)
  • häufiger nach feuchten Perioden oder auf schweren Böden
Green Guardia Tipp: Hebe eine betroffene Pflanze vorsichtig aus und prüfe direkt den Wurzelhals und den Boden in der Umgebung. Larven sitzen oft in den oberen Zentimetern nahe der Pflanze.

Typische Schadbilder an Kohl

  • welke Blätter, obwohl der Boden nicht trocken ist
  • Pflanzen kippen um (Wurzelhals geschwächt)
  • lückige Bestände im Beet
  • bei größerem Befall: ungleichmäßiges Wachstum und Ertragsverlust

Warum kommt es zum Befall?

  • Eiablage in feuchte, humusreiche oder verdichtete Böden
  • viel organisches Material und dauerhaft feuchte Bereiche
  • milde Winter und lange Vegetationsphasen
  • Jungpflanzen sind besonders empfindlich

Was tun bei Befall? (natürlich & sinnvoll)

1. Befall eingrenzen

  • betroffene Pflanzen kontrollieren und Larvenzahl einschätzen
  • stark geschädigte Pflanzen entfernen, um Folgestress zu reduzieren
  • Beetbereiche markieren (Hotspots)

2. Boden & Kulturführung

  • Boden lockern (Verdichtung reduzieren)
  • Staunässe vermeiden, gleichmäßig aber nicht „klamm“ halten
  • Fruchtfolge nutzen (Kohl nicht jedes Jahr am selben Ort)

3. Pflanzenschutz ohne Chemie

  • Jungpflanzen mit Kulturschutznetzen schützen
  • Beikräuter im Beetbereich reduzieren (Verstecke/Feuchtepolster)
  • gezielt und morgens gießen statt abends (weniger Dauerfeuchte)

Nützlinge gegen bodenlebende Larven: Nematoden

Gegen bodenlebende Larven können Nematoden (mikroskopisch kleine Fadenwürmer) eine natürliche Unterstützung sein. Sie wirken im feuchten Boden und helfen, Larvenstadien zu erreichen, die sonst schwer zugänglich sind. Je nach Schaderreger werden häufig Steinernema-Arten eingesetzt.

Warum Nematoden sinnvoll sind: Der Schaden entsteht im Boden am Wurzelhals. Nematoden arbeiten genau dort – als natürliche Ergänzung zu Bodenpflege und Schutznetzen.

FAQ zu Kohlschnaken

Woran erkenne ich, ob wirklich „Kohlschnaken“ die Ursache sind?

Am sichersten über Larvenfund im Boden direkt an der Pflanze und typische Fraßstellen am Wurzelhals. Ohne Larvenfund sind auch Kohlfliege oder Drahtwurm möglich.

Wann ist die größte Gefahr für Kohlpflanzen?

Vor allem im Jungpflanzenstadium. Kleine Pflanzen verkraften Wurzel- und Halsfraß deutlich schlechter als etablierte Exemplare.

Hilft häufiges Gießen gegen Welken?

Nicht, wenn Larven die Wurzeln beschädigen. Dann kann die Pflanze Wasser nicht gut aufnehmen. Stattdessen Ursache im Boden prüfen.

Was ist der wichtigste erste Schritt?

Betroffene Pflanzen ausheben, Wurzelhals prüfen und den Boden direkt daneben nach Larven kontrollieren. Danach gezielt Maßnahmen wie Bodenlockerung und Nematoden planen.

Schnellüberblick

  • Thema: Kohlschnaken (Larven im Boden)
  • Bereich: Kohlbeet, Jungpflanzen
  • Schadbild: Welken, Umkippen, Wurzelhalsfraß
  • Nützlinge: Nematoden (Steinernema)
✓ Boden ist der Schlüssel

Typische Hinweise

  • plötzlich welkende Jungpflanzen
  • Fraß am Wurzelhals
  • Larven in oberen Bodenschichten
  • häufig nach feuchten Perioden

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